September 5, 2025
Orthodontic appliances can help adjust the position of teeth and jaws. Dentists often recommend them to correct misaligned teeth, adjust gaps between teeth, or improve bite issues.
During treatment, small attachments called "brackets" are bonded to the surface of the teeth. A thin metal archwire is threaded through these brackets to connect them. By periodically adjusting the shape and tension of the archwire, a gentle and continuous force is applied to gradually move the teeth into their desired positions.
To ensure effective treatment, the archwire must be securely held in the brackets. Traditional braces use elastic bands or metal ligature wires for fixation, while self-ligating braces utilize a built-in mechanism to lock the archwire in place.
Below, we will further explore the features, advantages, and disadvantages of self-ligating braces, along with other relevant information.
Traditional braces typically use elastic ligature rings (the small colored rubber bands often seen) or metal wires to secure the archwire. Self-ligating braces, on the other hand, do not require these additional ligature devices. Instead, their brackets feature a self-closing mechanism that directly engages and holds the archwire. This design allows self-ligating braces to apply continuous force, potentially increasing the efficiency of tooth movement. Traditional braces usually require adjustment or replacement of ligature devices every 4 to 6 weeks.
Self-Ligating Braces vs. Traditional Braces
The key feature of self-ligating braces lies in their brackets' opening and closing mechanism—such as sliding doors or spring clips—that secure the archwire in the slot. This is why they are often referred to as "self-ligating brackets."
In contrast, traditional brackets rely on external ligature rings or wires (collectively called "ligatures") to hold the archwire in place.
Self-ligating brackets can be further divided into active and passive types. Both feature an open-close design:
Active self-ligating brackets have an built-in elastic mechanism that applies continuous pressure to the archwire when closed.
Passive types simply confine the archwire within the slot without applying additional active force.
Do They Requ Regular Adjustments?
Like traditional braces, self-ligating braces also require periodic follow-up visits. The orthodontist will assess treatment progress and may adjust or replace the archwire as needed to control the direction and pace of tooth movement.
Do They Cause Discomfort or Pain?
Similar to traditional braces, self-ligating braces may cause temporary discomfort, such as tooth sensitivity or difficulty chewing, after initial placement or subsequent adjustments.
Some believe that the simpler structure and lower friction of self-ligating braces may reduce discomfort to some extent and make oral hygiene easier to maintain.
A 2014 study comparing the quality of life in 150 patients using either traditional or self-ligating braces found that although the traditional group reported slightly higher pain levels, the difference was not statistically significant.
Advantages of Self-Ligating Braces
Using self-ligating braces may offer the following potential benefits:
Shorter appointment times: Traditional braces require individual replacement of ligature devices, while the opening and closing mechanism of self-ligating braces is easier to operate, reducing adjustment time.
Easier cleaning: The absence of ligature rings or wires reduces food trapping and simplifies oral hygiene.
Potentially less discomfort: Some users report that self-ligating braces cause less discomfort than traditional types.
Is Treatment Faster or More Effective?
Some believe that self-ligating braces can shorten the overall treatment time, but current research does not consistently support this view. The duration of orthodontic treatment depends more on the complexity of the individual's dental condition.
A 2011 study of 62 patients who underwent tooth extraction found no significant difference in total treatment time or number of visits between self-ligating and traditional braces.
However, self-ligating braces may show advantages at certain stages. A 2019 study found that alignment of upper teeth was significantly faster in the first 4 months of treatment with self-ligating braces.
Regarding long-term stability, a 2014 study of 60 patients found no significant difference in post-treatment stability between the two types. A 2017 review of 20 studies also concluded that there is insufficient evidence to prove that self-ligating braces are overall more effective than traditional ones.
Are There Any Risks or Considerations?
Self-ligating braces also have some potential issues. For example, the locking mechanism may wear out after repeated opening and closing, compromising its function. If a bracket needs replacement, it could prolong the appointment and potentially delay overall treatment.
Other risks are similar to those of traditional braces, including:
Risk of tooth decay: If cleaning is inadequate, plaque can build up around any type of braces, leading to cavities.
Possibility of relapse: If retainers are not worn as instructed after treatment, teeth may gradually shift back to their original positions.
Cost Comparison
Generally, self-ligating braces are more expensive than traditional braces, mainly due to their technical design and material technology. Additionally, the total cost of treatment depends on the complexity of the malocclusion, treatment duration, and the dentist's pricing.
Some dental clinics or orthodontic centers may offer installment payment plans. If needed, you can inquire whether such options are available. Also, some dental insurance plans cover orthodontic treatment—it's advisable to check with your insurance provider in advance.
Who Are They Suitable For?
The decision to choose self-ligating braces should be based on an individual's dental condition, treatment expectations, and budget. It is recommended to consult with an orthodontist to determine the most suitable option for you.
